Nkhani

Pali matekinoloje angapo a batri ndi ma charger omwe amayenera kuganiziridwa mukasintha kupita ku electromobility mumigodi mobisa.

Magalimoto opangira migodi oyendetsedwa ndi mabatire ndi oyenera kukumba mobisa.Chifukwa satulutsa mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, amachepetsa kuziziritsa ndi mpweya wabwino, amadula mpweya wowonjezera kutentha (GHG) ndi mtengo wokonza, ndikuwongolera malo ogwirira ntchito.

Pafupifupi zida zonse zapansi panthaka masiku ano zimayendetsedwa ndi dizilo ndipo zimatulutsa utsi wotuluka.Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kokhala ndi makina olowera mpweya wambiri kuti ogwira ntchito azikhala otetezeka.Komanso, pamene oyendetsa migodi masiku ano akukumba mozama mpaka 4 km (13,123.4 ft.) kuti apeze ma deposit ore, machitidwewa amakula mokulirapo.Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kukhazikitsa ndi kuyendetsa komanso kukhala ndi njala yamphamvu.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, msika ukusintha.Maboma akukhazikitsa zolinga zachilengedwe ndipo ogula akufunitsitsa kulipira ndalama zowonjezera zomwe zingasonyeze kuchepa kwa carbon.Izi zikupanga chidwi chochulukirapo pamigodi yochotsa carbon.

Makina onyamula, kunyamula, ndi kutaya (LHD) ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wochitira izi.Amayimira mozungulira 80% ya mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira pamigodi yapansi panthaka pamene amasuntha anthu ndi zida kudzera mumgodi.

Kusinthira ku magalimoto oyendetsedwa ndi batire kumatha kuwononga migodi ndikupangitsa kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale wosalira zambiri.

Izi zimafuna mabatire okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso nthawi yayitali - ntchito yomwe inali yopitilira luso laukadaulo wakale.Komabe, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko pazaka zingapo zapitazi zapanga mtundu watsopano wa mabatire a lithiamu-ion (Li-ion) omwe ali ndi mlingo woyenera wa ntchito, chitetezo, kukwanitsa komanso kudalirika.

Chiyembekezo cha zaka zisanu

Ogwiritsa ntchito akagula makina a LHD, amayembekezera moyo wazaka 5 chifukwa cha zovuta.Makina amafunikira kunyamula katundu wolemera maola 24 patsiku mumikhalidwe yosagwirizana ndi chinyezi, fumbi ndi miyala, kugwedezeka kwamakina ndi kugwedezeka.

Zikafika pamagetsi, ogwiritsa ntchito amafunika makina a batri omwe amafanana ndi moyo wa makinawo.Mabatire amafunikiranso kupirira pafupipafupi komanso mwakuya komanso kutulutsa kozungulira.Ayeneranso kutha kuyitanitsa mwachangu kuti galimotoyo ikhalepo.Izi zikutanthauza kuti maola 4 akugwira ntchito nthawi imodzi, kufananiza ndi kusintha kwa theka la tsiku.

Kusinthana kwa batri ndi kuyitanitsa mwachangu

Kusintha kwa batri ndi kuyitanitsa mwachangu zidawoneka ngati njira ziwiri kuti mukwaniritse izi.Kusinthana kwa batire kumafuna mabatire awiri ofanana - imodzi yoyendetsa galimoto ndi imodzi yonyamula.Pambuyo pakusintha kwa maola 4, batire yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito imasinthidwa ndi yongoyipitsidwa kumene.

Ubwino wake ndiwakuti izi sizifunikira kuyitanitsa magetsi ambiri ndipo zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi zida zamagetsi zomwe zilipo kale mumgodi.Komabe, kusinthaku kumafuna kukweza ndi kusamalira, zomwe zimapanga ntchito yowonjezera.

Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito batire limodzi lomwe limatha kuthamanga mwachangu mkati mwa mphindi 10 panthawi yopuma, yopuma komanso kusintha kosintha.Izi zimathetsa kufunika kosintha mabatire, kupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta.

Komabe, kulipiritsa mwachangu kumadalira kulumikiza gridi yamphamvu kwambiri ndipo oyendetsa migodi angafunikire kukweza zida zawo zamagetsi kapena kukhazikitsa njira yosungiramo mphamvu, makamaka pamagalimoto akuluakulu omwe amafunika kulipira nthawi imodzi.

Li-ion chemistry yosinthana ndi batri

Kusankha pakati pa kusinthanitsa ndi kuyitanitsa mwachangu kumadziwitsa mtundu wa batire woti mugwiritse ntchito.

Li-ion ndi mawu ambulera omwe amakhudza mitundu yambiri ya electrochemistries.Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito payekhapayekha kapena kusakanikirana kuti zipereke moyo wozungulira wofunikira, moyo wa kalendala, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuyitanitsa mwachangu, ndi chitetezo.

Mabatire ambiri a Li-ion amapangidwa ndi graphite monga electrode negative ndipo ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga electrode yabwino, monga lithiamu nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC), lithiamu nickel-cobalt aluminium oxide (NCA) ndi lithiamu iron phosphate (LFP) ).

Mwa izi, NMC ndi LFP zonse zimapereka mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi ntchito yolipiritsa yokwanira.Izi zimapangitsa imodzi mwa izi kukhala yabwino kusinthana kwa batri.

Chemistry yatsopano yolipira mwachangu

Pakulipira mwachangu, njira ina yowoneka bwino yatulukira.Iyi ndi lithiamu titanate oxide (LTO), yomwe ili ndi electrode yabwino yopangidwa kuchokera ku NMC.M'malo mwa graphite, electrode yake yolakwika imachokera ku LTO.

Izi zimapereka mabatire a LTO mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.Atha kuvomereza kuyitanitsa magetsi okwera kwambiri kuti nthawi yolipiritsa ikhale yochepa ngati mphindi 10.Angathenso kuthandizira maulendo atatu kapena asanu ochulukirapo kuposa mitundu ina ya chemistry ya Li-ion.Izi zimamasulira kukhala moyo wautali wa kalendala.

Kuphatikiza apo, LTO ili ndi chitetezo chokwanira kwambiri chifukwa imatha kupirira nkhanza zamagetsi monga kutulutsa kwakuya kapena mabwalo amfupi, komanso kuwonongeka kwamakina.

Kasamalidwe ka batri

Chinthu china chofunikira chopangira ma OEM ndikuwunika ndi kuwongolera zamagetsi.Ayenera kuphatikizira galimotoyo ndi dongosolo loyendetsa batri (BMS) lomwe limayang'anira ntchito ndikuteteza chitetezo ku dongosolo lonse.

BMS yabwino idzawongoleranso kuyitanitsa ndi kutulutsa kwa ma cell kuti azikhala ndi kutentha kosalekeza.Izi zimatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kosasintha ndikukulitsa moyo wa batri.Idzaperekanso ndemanga pazochitika za boma (SOC) ndi umoyo waumoyo (SOH).Izi ndizizindikiro zofunika za moyo wa batri, ndi SOC ikuwonetsa kutalika kwa woyendetsa galimotoyo pakusintha, ndipo SOH kukhala chizindikiro cha moyo wotsalira wa kalendala.

Pulagi-ndi-kusewera luso

Zikafika pakutchula machitidwe a batri pamagalimoto, zimakhala zomveka kugwiritsa ntchito ma module.Izi zikufanizira ndi njira ina yofunsa opanga mabatire kuti apange makina a batire opangidwa mwaluso pagalimoto iliyonse.

Phindu lalikulu la njira yosinthira ndikuti ma OEM amatha kupanga nsanja yoyambira yamagalimoto angapo.Atha kuwonjezera ma module a batri pamndandanda kuti apange zingwe zomwe zimapereka magetsi ofunikira pamtundu uliwonse.Izi zimayendetsa mphamvu zamagetsi.Kenaka amatha kuphatikiza zingwezi mofanana kuti apange mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu yofunikira ndikupereka nthawi yofunikira.

Zolemetsa zolemetsa zomwe zimachitika m'migodi yapansi panthaka zikutanthauza kuti magalimoto amafunika kupereka mphamvu zambiri.Izi zimafuna makina a batri omwe ali pa 650-850V.Ngakhale kukweza ma voltages okwera kungapereke mphamvu zambiri, kungapangitsenso kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zamakina, kotero akukhulupirira kuti makina azikhala pansi pa 1,000V mtsogolomo.

Kuti akwaniritse maola 4 akugwira ntchito mosalekeza, opanga nthawi zambiri amayang'ana mphamvu yosungira mphamvu ya 200-250 kWh, ngakhale ena amafunikira 300 kWh kapena kupitilira apo.

Njira yokhazikika iyi imathandiza ma OEM kuwongolera ndalama zachitukuko ndikuchepetsa nthawi yogulitsa pochepetsa kufunikira koyesa mtundu.Pokumbukira izi, Saft adapanga njira ya batire yolumikizirana ndi plug-ndi-play yomwe imapezeka mu ma elekitiromu a NMC ndi LTO.

Kuyerekezera kothandiza

Kuti mumve momwe ma module amafananizira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana njira ziwiri zagalimoto ya LHD yokhazikika pakusinthana kwa batri ndi kuyitanitsa mwachangu.Muzochitika zonsezi, galimotoyo imalemera matani 45 osanyamula ndi matani 60 odzaza ndi mphamvu ya 6-8 m3 (7.8-10.5 yd3).Kuti athe kufananitsa ngati-ngati, Saft amawona mabatire olemera ofanana (3.5 matani) ndi voliyumu (4 m3 [5.2 yd3]).

Pakusintha kwa batri, batire imatha kukhazikitsidwa ndi chemistry ya NMC kapena LFP ndipo imathandizira kusintha kwa maola 6 kwa LHD kuchokera pakukula ndi kulemera kwake.Mabatire awiriwa, ovekedwa pa 650V ndi mphamvu ya 400 Ah, angafune kulipira kwa maola atatu atasinthitsa galimotoyo.Iliyonse imatha kuzungulira 2,500 pa kalendala yonse ya zaka 3-5.

Pakuchapira mwachangu, batire limodzi la LTO lokhala ndi miyeso yofananayo likhoza kuvoteredwa pa 800V ndi mphamvu ya 250 Ah, kutulutsa maola atatu ogwirira ntchito ndikulipiritsa mwachangu kwa mphindi 15.Chifukwa chemistry imatha kupirira zozungulira zina zambiri, imatha kubweretsa mizungu 20,000, yokhala ndi moyo wa kalendala wazaka 5-7.

M'dziko lenileni, wopanga magalimoto amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi kuti akwaniritse zomwe kasitomala amakonda.Mwachitsanzo, kukulitsa nthawi yosinthira powonjezera mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu.

Mapangidwe osinthika

Pamapeto pake, adzakhala oyendetsa migodi omwe amasankha ngati angakonde kusinthana kwa batri kapena kulipiritsa mwachangu.Ndipo kusankha kwawo kungasiyane malinga ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi malo omwe alipo pa malo awo aliwonse.

Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti opanga LHD awapatse mwayi wosankha.